G6: Reducing Adverb Clauses

While Sally was walking down the street, she was looking in all the shop windows for things to buy.
1. While walking down the street, Sally was looking...
2. Walking down the street, Sally was looking...
3. While Sally walking down the street, she was looking...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
While Apple’s profits were going up, Microsoft’s were going down.
1. While going up, Apple's profits...
2. While going up, Microsoft's were...
3. Going up, Apple's profits...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
After we saw the movie, we went to the box office to buy more tickets to see it again.
1. Seeing the movie, we went...
2. After seeing the movie, we went...
3. Having seen the movie, we went...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
Before I left for college, I had three parties to say goodbye to everyone.
1. NO - cannot be reduced
2. Before leaving for college, I had...
3. Leaving for college, I had...
4. Before having left for college, I had...
Since she moved to Alaska, Holly has learned to ride a snowmobile and to fly a small plane.
1. Moving to Alaska, Holly has...
2. Since move to Alaska, Holly has...
3. Since moving to Alaska, Holly has...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
Whenever our kids see a black cat, they playfully punch each other on the arm for good luck.
1. Whenever see a black cat, our kids...
2. Whenever seeing a black cat, they...
3. Whenever seeing a black cat, our kids...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
While I was riding my bicycle, a bee kept buzzing around my head.
1. While riding my bicycle, a bee kept...
2. While riding my bicycle, I ...
3. NO - cannot be reduced
Elaine always brushes her teeth before she goes to bed.
1. Elaine always ... before going to bed.
2. Elaine always ... before she going to bed.
3. Elaine always brushes her teeth going to bed.
4. NO - cannot be reduced
The owner of that new Ferrari always takes two spaces whenever he parks in a public parking lot, and he pays for both!
1. The owner ... whenever he parking...
2. The owner ... whenever parks ...
3. The owner ... whenever parking ...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
After some Asian students work very hard to get into a good university, they treat their first year there like a well-earned vacation!
1. After work very hard to get into a good university, some Asian students ...
2. After working very hard to get into a good university, some Asian students ...
3. Having worked very hard to get into a good university, some Asian students ...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
Mario has been working 16 hours a day since he opened his new Italian restaurant.
1. Mario has ... since opening his new Italian restaurant.
2. Mario has ... since opened his new Italian restaurant.
3. Mario has ... opening his new Italian restaurant.
4. NO - cannot be reduced
After Tim flew back to Denver from Sweden, his car wouldn’t start in the airport garage.
1. After flying back to Denver from Sweden, his car...
2. After flying back to Denver from Sweden, Tim...
3. Having flown back to Denver from Sweden, Tim's car...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
(Use “upon”) As soon as the design team at Apple finished the new iPhone 6, they had a big private party to celebrate in secret.
1. Upon finishing the new iPhone 6, they had...
2. Upon finishing the new iPhone 6, the design team at Apple had...
3. Upon as soon as finishing the new iPhone 6, the design team at Apple had...
4. NO - cannot be reduced
(Use “upon”) When Estrella reached the age of 15, she was given a big celebration for her “Quinceañera” [15th birthday for girls in Latin America].
1. Upon reaching the age of 15, Estrella was given...
2. Upon reaching the age of 15, she was given...
3. Upon she reached the age of 15, Estrella was given...
4. NO - cannot be reduced

G6: Reducing Adverb Clauses I - Time Clauses

Multiple Choice Quiz